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It is named by analogy with the rapidly expanding, quasi-random shot grouping of a shotgun. Simplified scheme of shotgun sequencing technique: firstly, the DNA fragment is cut into small, overlapping pieces. Then each fragment is sequenced, and the complete sequence is assembled based on the similarity of the overlapping ends.
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
RNA-Seq has the potential to identify new disease biology, profile biomarkers for clinical indications, infer druggable pathways, and make genetic diagnoses. [ 151 ] [ 152 ] These results could be further personalized for subgroups or even individual patients, potentially highlighting more effective prevention, diagnostics, and therapy.
However, it is sometimes desirable to sequence RNA molecules. While sequencing DNA gives a genetic profile of an organism, sequencing RNA reflects only the sequences that are actively expressed in the cells. To sequence RNA, the usual method is first to reverse transcribe the RNA extracted from the sample to generate cDNA fragments. This can ...
Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...
The limitation of genomic survey sequence is that it lacks long-range continuity because of its fragmentary nature, which makes it harder to forecast gene and marker order. For example, to detect repetitive sequences in GSS data, it may not be possible to find out all the repeats since the repetitive genome may be longer than the reads, which ...
Sequence assembly refers to the reconstruction of a DNA sequence by aligning and merging small DNA fragments. It is an integral part of modern DNA sequencing. Since presently-available DNA sequencing technologies are ill-suited for reading long sequences, large pieces of DNA (such as genomes) are often sequenced by (1) cutting the DNA into ...
A sequence in biology is the one-dimensional ordering of monomers, covalently linked within a biopolymer; it is also referred to as the primary structure of a biological macromolecule. While it can refer to many different molecules, the term sequence is most often used to refer to a DNA sequence or a protein sequence .