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Satari: A Swedish variant on the monitor roof; a double hip roof with a short vertical wall usually with small windows, popular from the 17th century on formal buildings. [citation needed] (Säteritak in Swedish.) Mansard (French roof): A roof with the pitch divided into a shallow slope above a steeper slope. The steep slope may be curved.
A birds-mouth joint in a rafter, set upon a double top plate. Shown are the two cuts of the joint: the seat cut and the heel cut. In light frame construction, a birdsmouth joint or bird's beak cut is a woodworking joint that is generally used to connect a roof rafter to the top plate of a supporting wall. [1]
A flat roof is a roof which is almost level in contrast to the many types of sloped roofs. The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch and flat roofs have up to approximately 10°. [1] Flat roofs are an ancient form mostly used in arid climates and allow the roof space to be used as a living space or a living roof. Flat roofs, or "low ...
Instead, they are flat in profile and are used under the same circumstances as lintels. Unlike lintels, which are subject to bending stress, jack arches are composed of individual masonry elements cut or formed into a wedge shape that efficiently uses the compressive strength of the masonry in the same manner as a regular arch .
Flat roofs actually slope up to approximately ten degrees to shed water. Flat roofs on houses are primarily found in arid regions. [2] In high-wind areas, such as where a cyclone or hurricane may make landfall, the main engineering consideration is to hold the roof down during severe storms. Every component of the roof, as of course the rest of ...
An abutment is the substructure at the ends of a bridge span or dam supporting its superstructure. [1] Single-span bridges have abutments at each end that provide vertical and lateral support for the span, as well as acting as retaining walls to resist lateral movement of the earthen fill of the bridge approach.
An example of how the numbering system expands to provide additional detail below level 1 is shown for A SUBSTRUCTURE A10 FOUNDATIONS A1010 Standard Foundations A1020 Special Foundations A40 SLABS-ON-GRADE A4010 Standard Slabs-on-Grade A4020 Structural Slabs-on-Grade A4030 Slab Trenches A4040 Pits and Bases A4090 Slab-on-Grade Supplementary ...
The pitch of a cricket is sometimes the same as the rest of the roof, but not always. For Steep-slope roofs, it is most common to have the cricket pitch to be equal to or less than the main roof, however for low-slope or flat roofs, it is more common to see the cricket be at least 50% greater slope than the roof, to minimize ponding.