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Patients should be cautious while driving or operating machinery due to its potential to cause decreased alertness. [26] [21] There may also be an impact on blood sugar levels, and it can potentially mask signs of low blood sugar. [21] The safety of metoprolol during pregnancy is not fully established. [27] [28]
This is because they have been associated with increased risk of new-onset diabetes and as such are recommended for use in patients over 65, for whom the risk of new-onset diabetes is outweighed by the benefits of controlling systolic blood pressure. [8] Another theory is that they are off-patent and thus rarely promoted by the drug industry. [9]
Monotherapy with a β3 adrenergic agonist may be preferred in older patients, those with high anticholinergic burden, and older adults with multiple comorbidities. [11] An ambulatory blood pressure monitoring study showed that treatment with vibegron was not associated with clinically meaningful effects on blood pressure or heart rate.
A combined result of 5 RCTs enlisting a total of 238 patients aged 65 or older (mean baseline HbA1c of 8.6%) receiving 100 mg/d of vildagliptin was shown to reduce HbA1c by 1.2%. [46] Another set of 6 combined RCTs involving alogliptin (approved by FDA in 2013) was shown to reduce HbA1c by 0.73% in 455 patients aged 65 or older who received 12. ...
Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension. CCBs are particularly effective against large vessel stiffness, one of the common causes of elevated systolic blood pressure in elderly patients. [4]
A 2007 study revealed diuretics and beta blockers used for hypertension increase a patient's risk of developing diabetes mellitus, while ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers) actually decrease the risk of diabetes. [48]
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Muscarinic antagonist can be considered as more effective than beta2 agonist → reduce the high vagal tone in patients [29] An image of salbutamol inhaler. Caution [32] Should not be used with beta blockers; Cautious use in patients with cardiovascular diseases, hypokalemia, hyperthyroidism or diabetes; Contraindications [32]
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