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S. marcescens is a motile organism and can grow in temperatures ranging 5–40 °C (41–104 °F) and in pH levels ranging from 5 to 9. It is differentiated from other Gram-negative bacteria by its ability to perform casein hydrolysis, which allows it to produce extracellular metalloproteinases which are believed to function in cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions.
Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. [5] They are typically 1–5 μm in length, do not produce spores, [6] and can be found in water, soil, plants, and animals. [7]
Operation Sea-Spray was a 1950 U.S. Navy secret biological warfare experiment in which Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii bacteria were sprayed over the San Francisco Bay Area in California, in order to determine how vulnerable a city like San Francisco may be to a bioweapon attack, killing at least one American and sickening at least 10 more.
S. marcescens on an agar plate. The pathogen responsible is believed to be Serratia marcescens, a common intestinal bacterium found in humans and other animals. [1] [6] This is the first time it has been linked to the death of coral. [7]
In Operation Sea-Spray, unsuspecting inhabitants of the San Francisco Bay Area were sprayed with Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii, pathogens that were then implicated in some unusual outbreaks of illness, including pneumonia, and urinary tract infections, and even some deaths. In Senate subcommittee hearings in 1977, the US Army revealed:
Thirty percent of the devices harbored significant levels of Mycobacterium avium, a bacteria linked to pulmonary disease that most often infects people with compromised immune systems but which ...
Salmonella. Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella typhi; Salmonella typhimurium; Serratia marcescens; Shigella dysenteriae; Spirillum volutans; Staphylococcus
Legionellosis (two distinct forms: Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever) Caused by bacteria belonging to genus Legionella (90% of cases caused by Legionella pneumophila) Legionella is a very common organism that reproduces to high numbers in warm water; [18] but only causes severe disease when aerosolized. [19]