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Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition—that is, one existing from birth—exclusively involving the skin.The blue colour is caused by melanocytes, melanin-containing cells, that are usually located in the surface of the skin (the epidermis), but are in the deeper region (the dermis) in the location of the spot. [6]
Nevus depigmentosus is a loss of pigment in the skin which can be easily differentiated from vitiligo. Although age factor has not much involvement in the nevus depigmentosus but in about 19% of the cases these are noted at birth. Their size may however grow in proportion to growth of the body.
Vitiligo (/ ˌ v ɪ t ɪ ˈ l aɪ ɡ oʊ /, vi-ti-leye-goh) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color. [1] The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but it may be related to immune system changes, genetic factors, stress, or sun exposure.
Waardenburg syndrome is a group of rare genetic conditions characterised by at least some degree of congenital hearing loss and pigmentation deficiencies, which can include bright blue eyes (or one blue eye and one brown eye), a white forelock or patches of light skin.
Poliosis is present in half of patients with segmental vitiligo. [ 5 ] Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH): VKH is a systemic autoimmune disorder affecting melanin-containing tissues, leading to uveitis , meningitis , and poliosis, which often involves the eyebrows and eyelashes.
A newborn infant undergoing white-light phototherapy to treat neonatal jaundice Light therapy is used to treat cases of neonatal jaundice . [ 44 ] Bilirubin , a yellow pigment normally formed in the liver during the breakdown of old red blood cells, cannot always be effectively cleared by a neonate's liver causing neonatal jaundice.
Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. [1] Other symptoms may include excess sleepiness or poor feeding. [1] Complications may include seizures, cerebral palsy, or kernicterus. [1] In most of cases there is no specific underlying physiologic disorder. [2]
Giant congenital melanocytic nevus in newborn. Congenital melanocytic nevi may be divided into the following types: [6]: 690–1 Small-sized congenital melanocytic nevus is defined as having a diameter less than 2 cm (0.79 in). [6]: 690
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