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Hoofnagle leads the Liver Disease Research Branch at NIDDK, [4] and has done so since he was tapped for the position in 2003. [5] In this capacity, Hoofnagle oversees the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network and LiverTox, a database that provides "comprehensive and unbiased information about drug induced liver injury caused by prescription and nonprescription drugs, herbal and dietary supplements."
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
The CIOMS/RUCAM scale has been proposed to establish causal relationship between offending drug and liver damage. The CIOMS/RUCAM scale involves a scoring system which categorizes the suspicion into "definite or highly probable" (score > 8), "probable" (score 6-8), "possible" (score 3-5), "unlikely" (score 1-2) and "excluded" (score ≤ 0).
A liver injury, also known as liver laceration, is some form of trauma sustained to the liver. This can occur through either a blunt force such as a car accident, or a penetrating foreign object such as a knife. [1] Liver injuries constitute 5% of all traumas, making it the most common abdominal injury. [2]
The disease, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), causes inflammation of the small bile ducts in the liver and can eventually destroy them. Rival drug, Iqirvo, from Ipsen costs $11,500 per month.
Liver regeneration is the process by which the liver is able to replace damaged or lost liver tissue. The liver is the only visceral organ with the capacity to regenerate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The liver can regenerate after partial hepatectomy or injury due to hepatotoxic agents such as certain medications, toxins, or chemicals. [ 3 ]
The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS or AERS) is a computerized information database designed to support the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) postmarketing safety surveillance program for all approved drug and therapeutic biologic products.
Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) falls under drug-induced liver injury (DILI), specifically the cholestatic or mixed type. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] While some drugs (e.g., acetaminophen ) are known to cause DILI in a predictable dose-dependent manner (intrinsic DILI), most cases of DILI are idiosyncratic , i.e., affecting only a minority of individuals ...