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The ratio between the volumes of similar figures is equal to the cube of the ratio of corresponding lengths of those figures (for example, when the edge of a cube or the radius of a sphere is multiplied by three, its volume is multiplied by 27 — i.e. by three cubed). Galileo's square–cube law concerns similar solids.
The first use of an equals sign, equivalent to + = in modern notation. From The Whetstone of Witte (1557) by Robert Recorde. Recorde's introduction of =."And to avoid the tedious repetition of these words: "is equal to" I will set as I do often in work use, a pair of parallels, or twin lines of one [the same] length, thus: ==, because no 2 things can be more equal." [5]
Any equivalence relation is the negation of an apartness relation, though the converse statement only holds in classical mathematics (as opposed to constructive mathematics), since it is equivalent to the law of excluded middle. Each relation that is both reflexive and left (or right) Euclidean is also an equivalence relation.
The ratio of width to height of standard-definition television. In mathematics, a ratio (/ ˈ r eɪ ʃ (i) oʊ /) shows how many times one number contains another. For example, if there are eight oranges and six lemons in a bowl of fruit, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six (that is, 8:6, which is equivalent to the ratio 4:3).
For example, we might want to calculate the relative change of −10 to −6. The above formula gives (−6) − (−10) / −10 = 4 / −10 = −0.4, indicating a decrease, yet in fact the reading increased. Measures of relative change are unitless numbers expressed as a fraction. Corresponding values of percent change would be ...
In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. Expressed algebraically, for quantities a {\displaystyle a} and b {\displaystyle b} with a > b > 0 {\displaystyle a>b>0} , a {\displaystyle a} is in a golden ratio to ...
The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels.
In mathematics, two non-zero real numbers a and b are said to be commensurable if their ratio a / b is a rational number; otherwise a and b are called incommensurable. (Recall that a rational number is one that is equivalent to the ratio of two integers.) There is a more general notion of commensurability in group theory.