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foot-and-mouth disease; mastitis; Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV) infection; orf, also known as contagious ecthyma, contagious pustular dermatitis, infectious labial dermatitis, thistle disease, sore mouth, or scabby mouth; ovine encephalomyelitis (louping ill) ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Electron micrograph of Bluetongue virus, scale bar = 50 nm. Bluetongue (BT) disease is a noncontagious, arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants, [1] primarily sheep and other domestic or wild ruminants, including cattle, yaks, [2] goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries, and antelope. [3]
The disease is endemic in the Indian subcontinent and is a major threat to fast-growing goat husbandry in India, causing an annual loss of around 1800 million Indian rupees. In North Africa, only Egypt was once hit, but since summer 2008, Morocco is suffering a generalized outbreak with 133 known cases in 129 provinces, mostly affecting sheep. [19]
The disease was initially known as jaagsiekte [jɑːχˈsiktə], a word derived from Afrikaans, meaning "chasing sickness", so called because animals are in respiratory distress as if they are out of breath from being chased. [6] It has also been known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and ovine pulmonary carcinoma. [7]
Scrapie (/ ˈ s k r eɪ p i /) is a fatal, degenerative disease affecting the nervous systems of sheep and goats. [1] It is one of several transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), and as such it is thought to be caused by a prion. [2] [3] Scrapie has been known since at least 1732 and does not appear to be transmissible to humans.
Blackleg, black quarter, quarter evil, or quarter ill (Latin: gangraena emphysematosa) is an infectious bacterial disease most commonly caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram-positive bacterial species. It is seen in livestock all over the world, usually affecting cattle, sheep, and goats. It has been seen occasionally in farmed bison and deer. [1]
Separating goat kids from infected goats, and feeding the kids with cow's milk, or pasteurized goat milk, will prevent infection. [1] The disease can be spread from goat to goat via direct contact and body fluids, such as saliva. [5] Blood testing goats for CAE virus before moving them into a new herd will prevent the spread of the disease. [5]
C. pseudotuberculosis causes a disease known as caseous lymphadenitis that most commonly affects small ruminants, such as goats and sheep. [9] [10] The disease often presents with pyogranulomatous abscess formation. [11] Abscessation can occur in numerous areas, but it most commonly affects the cutaneous region and superficial lymph nodes.