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In population genetics, directional selection is a type of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is favored over both the other extreme and moderate phenotypes. This genetic selection causes the allele frequency to shift toward the chosen extreme over time as allele ratios change from generation to generation.
The McDonald–Kreitman test [1] is a statistical test often used by evolutionary and population biologists to detect and measure the amount of adaptive evolution within a species by determining whether adaptive evolution has occurred, and the proportion of substitutions that resulted from positive selection (also known as directional selection).
Directional statistics (also circular statistics or spherical statistics) is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions (unit vectors in Euclidean space, R n), axes (lines through the origin in R n) or rotations in R n. More generally, directional statistics deals with observations on compact Riemannian manifolds including the ...
Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. [1] The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases.
Initially, the hypothesis boosting problem simply referred to the process of turning a weak learner into a strong learner. [3] Algorithms that achieve this quickly became known as "boosting". Freund and Schapire's arcing (Adapt[at]ive Resampling and Combining), [7] as a general technique, is more or less synonymous with boosting. [8]
ERP was particularly beneficial in helping the researchers to investigate the bi-directional hypothesis of action-sentence comprehension, which proposes that language processing facilitates movement and movement also facilitates language comprehension. In the study participants listened to sentences describing an action that involved an open ...
Directional component analysis (DCA) [1] [2] [3] is a statistical method used in climate science for identifying representative patterns of variability in space-time data-sets such as historical climate observations, [1] weather prediction ensembles [2] or climate ensembles.
The hypothetico-deductive model or method is a proposed description of the scientific method. According to it, scientific inquiry proceeds by formulating a hypothesis in a form that can be falsifiable , using a test on observable data where the outcome is not yet known.