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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 March 2025. British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958) This article is about the chemist. For the Mars rover named after her, see Rosalind Franklin (rover). Rosalind Franklin Franklin with a microscope in 1955 Born Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-07-25) 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, England Died ...
Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as "the most important discovery" in biology. [1] [2] DNA itself had become "life's most famous molecule". [3] While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of ...
1987: Yoshizumi Ishino discovers and describes part of a DNA sequence which later will be called CRISPR. 1989: Thomas Cech discovered that RNA can catalyze chemical reactions, [60] making for one of the most important breakthroughs in molecular genetics, because it elucidates the true function of poorly understood segments of DNA.
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNAzymes or catalytic DNA, were first discovered in 1994. [170] They are mostly single stranded DNA sequences isolated from a large pool of random DNA sequences through a combinatorial approach called in vitro selection or systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX).
The DNA sequence of a gene is used to produce a specific amino acid sequence. This process begins with the production of an RNA molecule with a sequence matching the gene's DNA sequence, a process called transcription. This messenger RNA molecule then serves to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence through a process called translation.
In the 1940s and early 1950s, experiments pointed to DNA as the portion of chromosomes (and perhaps other nucleoproteins) that held genes. A focus on new model organisms such as viruses and bacteria, along with the discovery of the double helical structure of DNA in 1953, marked the transition to the era of molecular genetics.
The first full DNA genome to be sequenced was that of bacteriophage φX174 in 1977. [51] Medical Research Council scientists deciphered the complete DNA sequence of the Epstein-Barr virus in 1984, finding it contained 172,282 nucleotides. Completion of the sequence marked a significant turning point in DNA sequencing because it was achieved ...
The double-helix model of DNA structure was first published in the journal Nature by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, [6] (X,Y,Z coordinates in 1954 [7]) based on the work of Rosalind Franklin and her student Raymond Gosling, who took the crucial X-ray diffraction image of DNA labeled as "Photo 51", [8] [9] and Maurice Wilkins, Alexander Stokes, and Herbert Wilson, [10] and base-pairing ...