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Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία-logia, "study", respectively [1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [2]
Cryptology Research Society of India (CRSI) is a scientific organisation that supports research in India on cryptography, data security, and related fields. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The organisation was founded in 2001. [ 2 ]
With modern technology, cyphers using keys with these lengths are becoming easier to decipher. DES, an early US Government approved cypher, has an effective key length of 56 bits, and test messages using that cypher have been broken by brute force key search. However, as technology advances, so does the quality of encryption.
A digital divide is an economic and social inequality with regard to access to, use of, or impact of information and communications technology (ICT). [33] [34] Social barriers such as literacy and lack of digital empowerment have created stark inequalities between men and women in navigating the tools used for access to information. [35]
Cryptography is the practice and study of encrypting information, or in other words, securing information from unauthorized access. There are many different cryptography laws in different nations. Some countries prohibit the export of cryptography software and/or encryption algorithms or cryptoanalysis methods. Some countries require decryption ...
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...
There are a number of standards related to cryptography. Standard algorithms and protocols provide a focus for study; standards for popular applications attract a large amount of cryptanalysis . Encryption standards
In cryptography, a hybrid cryptosystem is one which combines the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the efficiency of a symmetric-key cryptosystem. [1] Public-key cryptosystems are convenient in that they do not require the sender and receiver to share a common secret in order to communicate securely. [2]