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Its discovery proved the Levant was a center of ancient, centralized civilization equal to Egypt and Mesopotamia and ruled out the view that the latter two were the only important centers in the Near East during the Early Bronze Age. The first Eblaite kingdom has been described as the first recorded world power.
Since ancient times, the Middle East has had several lingua franca: Akkadian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Arabic. [1] [2] [3] The Sumerians, around the 5th millennium BC, were among the first to develop a civilization. By 3150 BC, Egyptian civilization unified under its first pharaoh. [4]
To refer to a concept similar to that of today's Middle East but earlier in time, the term ancient Near East is used. This list is intended as a timeline of the history of the Middle East. For more detailed information, see articles on the histories of individual countries. See ancient Near East for ancient history of the Middle East.
The Ancient Near East: A History. 2nd ed. Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1997. ISBN 0-15-503819-2. Pittman, Holly (1984). Art of the Bronze Age: Southeastern Iran, Western Central Asia, and the Indus Valley. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9780870993657. Sasson, Jack. The Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, New York, 1995.
The largest cities of the Bronze Age Near East housed several tens of thousands of people. Memphis in the Early Bronze Age , with some 30,000 inhabitants, was the largest city of the time by far. Ebla is estimated to have had a population of 40,000 inhabitants in the Intermediate Bronze age . [ 1 ]
Name Capital/s Type Existed Early Dynastic Egypt: Thinis, Memphis: Kingdom 3150–2686 BC Old Kingdom of Egypt: Memphis: Kingdom 2686–2181 BC Kingdom of Egypt: Thebes: Kingdom 2055–1550 BC Egyptian Empire: Akhetaten, Pi-Ramesses, Thebes Empire 1550–1069 BC Nubia: Kerma: Principalities [1] 2500–15th century BC Libu: Not specified Tribal ...
This article lists the many extinct states, countries, nations, empires or territories from Ancient History to just before the Early Modern period, grouped geographically. For the purposes of this list, the Early Modern period begins at the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. For earlier civilizations, see prehistory.
The following is a list of countries in the Middle East sorted by projected population. Table. Rank Country (or dependent territory) 2020 projection [1] % of pop.