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An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. [1] Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. [2]: 60 Enclave is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. [1]
In political geography, an enclave is a piece of land belonging to one country (or region etc.) that is totally surrounded by another country (or region). An exclave is a piece of land that is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically contiguous with it (connected to it) because they are completely separated by a surrounding foreign territory or territories.
Country Neighbour Border length Notes km mi Lesotho South Africa: 909 565 Lesotho is an enclave which is entirely surrounded by South Africa. San Marino Italy: 39 24 San Marino is an enclave entirely surrounded by Italy. Vatican City: 3.2 2.0 The Vatican City is an enclave entirely surrounded by Rome, Italy.
A sovereign Vatican state was established by the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Pope and the government of Benito Mussolini, in which the Pope recognised the Italian state in exchange for establishing Roman Catholicism as the state religion, and recognition of the Pope's sovereignty over a tiny state entirely surrounded by the city of Rome ...
A country is "doubly landlocked" or "double-landlocked" when it is surrounded entirely by landlocked countries (i.e. requiring the crossing of at least two national borders to reach a coastline). [27] [28] There are two such countries: Liechtenstein in Western Europe, surrounded by Austria and Switzerland. [29]
The only areas of Schengen member states located in Europe but excluded are the Faroe Islands and Svalbard. Until 2008, when Switzerland joined the Schengen Area, the German exclave Busingen am Hochrhein, a small village in Baden-Württemberg, remained outside of the Schengen Area, being completely surrounded by Switzerland.
Lesotho is the southernmost landlocked country in the world. It is the largest of the world's three independent states completely surrounded by the territory of another country, with Vatican City and San Marino being the other two. It is the only such state outside the Italian peninsula and Europe, as well as the only one that is not a microstate.
The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political.Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and four largely unrecognised de facto states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European ...