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The history of pseudoscience is the study of pseudoscientific theories over time. A pseudoscience is a set of ideas that presents itself as science, while it does not meet the criteria to properly be called such. [1] [2] Distinguishing between proper science and pseudoscience is sometimes difficult.
Pseudoscience can have dangerous effects. For example, pseudoscientific anti-vaccine activism and promotion of homeopathic remedies as alternative disease treatments can result in people forgoing important medical treatments with demonstrable health benefits, leading to ill-health and deaths.
In philosophy of science and epistemology, the demarcation problem is the question of how to distinguish between science and non-science. [1] It also examines the boundaries between science, pseudoscience and other products of human activity, like art and literature and beliefs.
In modern times, it has been argued that right-wing politics carries an anti-science tendency. While some have suggested that this is innate to either rightists or their beliefs, others have argued it is a "quirk" of a historical and political context in which scientific findings happened to challenge or appeared to challenge the worldviews of ...
Jason Lewis and colleagues reached similar conclusions as Michael in their reanalysis of Morton's skull collection; however, they depart from Morton's racist conclusions by adding that "studies have demonstrated that modern human variation is generally continuous, rather than discrete or "racial", and that most variation in modern humans is ...
The prevalence of belief in paranormal and pseudoscientific ideas and conspiracy theories abound: ghosts, the lost continent of Atlantis, alien visitors in the ancient past, telekinesis, bigfoot, Moon landing conspiracy theories, etc. Feder confesses that at one time he was inclined to believe that some of these ideas might be true and he discusses how his thinking evolved through ...
Junk science happens for different reasons: researchers believing that their ideas are correct before proper analysis (a sort of scientific self-delusion or drinking the Kool-Aid), researchers biased with their study designs, and/or a "plain old lack of ethics". [5]
Numerology is regarded as pseudomathematics or pseudoscience by modern scientists. [565] [566] [567] It is often associated with the paranormal, alongside astrology and similar divinatory arts. [568] Scriptural codes – the belief that a book or fragment of holy scripture contains encoded messages that impart esoteric knowledge. One such ...