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This is a list of articles about prime numbers.A prime number (or prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. By Euclid's theorem, there are an infinite number of prime numbers.
Or, it can be used in probability theory to determine the expectation value of a continuous random variable given a probability density function. [58]: 37 In analytic geometry, the study of graphs of functions, calculus is used to find high points and low points (maxima and minima), slope, concavity and inflection points. Calculus is also used ...
Biology uses probability extensively in fields such as ecology or neurobiology. [140] Most discussion of probability centers on the concept of evolutionary fitness . [ 140 ] Ecology heavily uses modeling to simulate population dynamics , [ 140 ] [ 141 ] study ecosystems such as the predator-prey model, measure pollution diffusion, [ 142 ] or to ...
(The probability for n positive integers is 1/ζ(n). [3]) In the same sense, it is the probability that a positive integer chosen at random will not be evenly divisible by the cube of an integer greater than one. (The probability for not having divisibility by an n-th power is 1/ζ(n). [3])
For example, a 5.0 earthquake releases 32 times (10 1.5) and a 6.0 releases 1000 times (10 3) the energy of a 4.0. [61] Apparent magnitude measures the brightness of stars logarithmically. [ 62 ] In chemistry the negative of the decimal logarithm, the decimal cologarithm , is indicated by the letter p. [ 63 ]
H.G. Wells World Brain (1936–1938). The concept (although not so named) originated in 1785 with the Marquis de Condorcet, whose "jury theorem" states that if each member of a voting group is more likely than not to make a correct decision, the probability that the highest vote of the group is the correct decision increases with the number of members of the group. [20]
In Slovenia, a 1999–2001 national probability sample of the general population aged 18–49 years found that overall, 4.5% of Slovenian male citizens reported being circumcised. Prevalence strongly varied across religious groups, with 92.4% of Muslims being circumcised, 1.7% of Roman Catholics, 0% of other religious affiliations (Evangelic ...
A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimated that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5, a "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Dar es Salaam in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Barquisimeto in Venezuela. The annual ...