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  2. Logic translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_translation

    For example, the sentence "donkeys have ears" could mean that all donkeys (without exception) have ears or that donkeys typically have ears. The second translation does not exclude the existence of some donkeys without ears. This difference matters for whether a universal quantifier can be used to translate the sentence. Such ambiguities are ...

  3. Generalized phrase structure grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized_Phrase...

    Constraint based grammars are based around defining certain syntactic processes as ungrammatical for a given language and assuming everything not thus dismissed is grammatical within that language. Phrase structure grammars base their framework on constituency relationships, seeing the words in a sentence as ranked, with some words dominating ...

  4. Levels of adequacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levels_of_adequacy

    It deals with the uttermost underlying structure. It has predictive power. A linguistic theory that aims for explanatory adequacy is concerned with the internal structure of the device [i.e. grammar]; that is, it aims to provide a principled basis, independent of any particular language, for the selection of the descriptively adequate grammar ...

  5. Phrase structure rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrase_structure_rules

    Phrase structure rules as they are commonly employed result in a view of sentence structure that is constituency-based. Thus, grammars that employ phrase structure rules are constituency grammars (= phrase structure grammars), as opposed to dependency grammars, [4] which view sentence structure as dependency-based. What this means is that for ...

  6. Sentence diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_diagram

    A sentence diagram is a pictorial representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. The term "sentence diagram" is used more when teaching written language, where sentences are diagrammed. The model shows the relations between words and the nature of sentence structure and can be used as a tool to help recognize which potential ...

  7. Sentence clause structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_clause_structure

    A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a complex-compound sentence or compound-complex sentence. Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex.

  8. Immediate constituent analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediate_constituent_analysis

    While the structures that ICA identifies for dependency and constituency grammars differ in significant ways, as the two trees just produced illustrate, both views of sentence structure acknowledge constituents. The constituent is defined in a theory-neutral manner: Constituent A given word/node plus all the words/nodes that that word/node ...

  9. Parse tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parse_tree

    The parse tree is the entire structure, starting from S and ending in each of the leaf nodes (John, hit, the, ball). The following abbreviations are used in the tree: S for sentence, the top-level structure in this example. NP for noun phrase. The first (leftmost) NP, a single noun John, serves as the subject of the sentence.

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