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"Depression" refers to a spectrum of disturbances in mood that vary from mild to severe and from short periods to constant illness. [1] DD-NOS is diagnosed if a patient's symptoms fail to meet the criteria more common depressive disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia .
According to Beck's publisher, 'When Beck began studying depression in the 1950s, the prevailing psychoanalytic theory attributed the syndrome to inverted hostility against the self.' [3] By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time; by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and then using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or ...
Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism. [25] Stoic philosophers, particularly Epictetus, believed logic could be used to identify and discard false beliefs that lead to destructive emotions, which has influenced the way modern cognitive-behavioral therapists identify cognitive distortions that ...
Interpersonal therapy has been thought to be a good potential treatment for postpartum depression because it is short-term and focused on present life events and relationships. In one twelve week study using IPT, 100% of patients did not meet diagnostic criteria for postpartum depression by the end of the study.
The course is claimed to be the most successful of psychoeducational interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression (both for its adaptability to various populations and its results), with a risk reduction of 38% in major depression and an efficacy as a treatment comparing favorably to other psychotherapies. [140] [143]
Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a popular form of therapy used to identify and reject maladaptive cognitive distortions, [33] and is typically used with individuals diagnosed with depression. [34] In CR, the therapist and client first examine a stressful event or situation reported by the client.
The triad forms part of his cognitive theory of depression [4] and the concept is used as part of CBT, particularly in Beck's "Treatment of Negative Automatic Thoughts" (TNAT) approach. The triad involves "automatic, spontaneous and seemingly uncontrollable negative thoughts" about the self , the world or environment , and the future.
[2] [3] Alternatively, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) features ten items to be completed for the purpose of assessing the effects of drug therapy, [2] [4] Another scale is the Raskin Depression Rating Scale rating the severity of the patients' symptoms in three areas: verbal reports, behavior, and secondary symptoms of ...