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Intubation granuloma is a benign growth of granulation tissue in the larynx or trachea, which arises from tissue trauma due to endotracheal intubation. [1] This medical condition is described as a common late complication of tracheal intubation, specifically caused by irritation to the mucosal tissue of the airway during insertion or removal of the patient's intubation tube.
Intubation is normally facilitated by using a conventional laryngoscope, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, or video laryngoscope to identify the vocal cords and pass the tube between them into the trachea instead of into the esophagus. Other devices and techniques may be used alternatively.
It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the vocal folds detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance. [1] It is most often reported 1) post-operatively after endotracheal extubation or 2) after sudden reflux of gastric contents. [2] [4] [1] It is common in drowning.
Classically, tracheal intubation has been performed utilizing direct laryngoscopy to obtain direct visualization of the vocal cords. There are multiple different laryngoscope blade styles, shapes, and lengths from which to choose based on patient anatomy and clinician preference. [ 9 ]
Optimally position the patient to maximise the probability of intubation success (e.g. external auditory meatus level with sternal notch). 2. Hold the suction catheter (wide-bore, rigid) in a clenched-fisted right hand, with the distal end of the catheter pointing caudad and posterior, to enable manipulation of the tongue and mandible as required.
Chest congestion is usually caused by excess mucus in the airways, says Meilan King Han, M.D., M.S., professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at the ...
Furthermore, blood and vomitus in the airway may prove visualization of the vocal cords difficult rendering direct and video laryngoscopy, as well as fiberoptic bronchoscopy challenging. [46] Establishment of a surgical airway is challenging in the setting of restricted neck extension (such as in a c-collar ), laryngotracheal disruption, or ...
Cricoid pressure, also known as the Sellick manoeuvre or Sellick maneuver, is a technique used in endotracheal intubation to try to reduce the risk of regurgitation.The technique involves the application of pressure to the cricoid cartilage at the neck, thus occluding the esophagus which passes directly behind it.