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Effects generally begin within half an hour and last for up to five hours. [7] A 2016 Cochrane review (updated in 2021) found little difference in benefit between hydromorphone and other opioids for cancer pain. [10] Common side effects include dizziness, sleepiness, nausea, itchiness, and constipation. [7]
Its effects, depending on dosage, include an increase in sodium excretion by the kidneys, an increase in urine output, an increase in heart rate, and an increase in blood pressure. [13] At low doses it acts through the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart muscle contraction force and heart rate, thereby increasing cardiac output and ...
Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula Cl 3 C−CH(OH) 2.It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in usage in the United States until at least the 1970s. [4]
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects when first beginning therapy with apomorphine; [18] antiemetics such as trimethobenzamide or domperidone, dopamine antagonists, [19] are often used while first starting apomorphine. Around 50% of people grow tolerant enough to apomorphine's emetic effects that they can discontinue the antiemetic.
[7] [8] Side effects including sedation, restlessness, vomiting, and anxiety were generally rated mild. There were no reports of Parkinsonian-like extrapyramidal symptoms typically seen with D 2 antagonists. Human clinical studies also showed that ecopipam was an effective antagonist of the acute euphoric effects of cocaine. [9]
Adverse effects occur in fewer than 1% of patients and include muscle weakness, headache, arterial hypotension, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and dry mouth. All effects are reversible. [3] [4] Allergic reactions occur in fewer than 0.1% of patient and include skin rash, hives, Quincke's edema, and in some cases anaphylactic shock. [3] [7] [8] [9]
RSV vaccine side effects in older adults . The CDC lists the following as possible side effects of the RSV vaccine: Pain, redness, and swelling where the shot is given. Fatigue. Fever. Headache ...
Propane-2,2-diol, an example of a geminal diol. A geminal diol has two hydroxyl groups bonded to the same atom. These species arise by hydration of the carbonyl compounds. The hydration is usually unfavorable, but a notable exception is formaldehyde which, in water, exists in equilibrium with methanediol H 2 C(OH) 2