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The southern toad is a medium-sized, plump species with a snout-to-vent length of up to 92 mm (3.6 in) with females being slightly larger than males. The most obvious distinguishing features are the knobs on the head and the backward-pointing spurs that extend as far as the paratoid glands .
The wingspan of the adult moth ranges from 30–38 millimetres (1 + 3 ⁄ 16 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in). The forewing of the adult moth has brownish color with paler veins whereas the hindwing is more lightly colored (greyish-white). There are also oblique white bands on the forewing. [4] The adult moth appears at night and live about 5–10 days. [13]
Toad at night in Tucson. A substance found among the toxins the toad excretes when it is threatened, 5-MeO-DMT, is often dried into crystals and smoked. It is considered illegal in the United States, and categorized as a Schedule 1 substance, though law enforcement is increasingly less likely to enforce the laws with its growing popularity.
Woodhouse's toad is a robust amphibian and can grow to a maximum snout-vent length of 127 mm (5 in). The head has prominent cranial crests in front of and in between the eyes. The parotoid glands are long and large. The dorsal surface of this toad is grayish-brown or yellowish-brown and it is speckled with small dark spots.
The common toad, European toad, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the toad (Bufo bufo, from Latin bufo "toad"), is a toad found throughout most of Europe (with the exception of Ireland, Iceland, parts of Scandinavia, and some Mediterranean islands), in the western part of North Asia, and in a small portion of Northwest Africa.
The Houston toad secretes serotonin and alkaloids, some of which humans use in order to treat certain neurological and heart diseases. The toad also has alkaloids which have the ability to relieve pain and may even be stronger than morphine. [12] These toads also help stabilize the ecosystems by ensuring that the insect population is low.
[citation needed] Since American spadefoot toads breed in shallow waters, they are under "constant stress from drying waters, increasing temperatures, reduced food densities, and crowding". [9] This stress, or simply a lack of adequate food, can increase the likelihood of cannibalism. [9] If they do resort to cannibalism, their bodies can ...
The toad is preyed upon by the plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix), among others. [3] It uses chemoreceptors to sense chemical cues left by the snake. The great plains toad occur in deserts, grasslands, semi-desert shrublands, open floodplains, and agricultural areas. When inactive they burrow underground.