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The blue area above the x-axis may be specified as positive area, while the yellow area below the x-axis is the negative area. The integral of a real function can be imagined as the signed area between the x {\displaystyle x} -axis and the curve y = f ( x ) {\displaystyle y=f(x)} over an interval [ a , b ].
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.
Each term in the sum is the product of the value of the function at a given point and the length of an interval. Consequently, each term represents the (signed) area of a rectangle with height f(t i) and width x i + 1 − x i. The Riemann sum is the (signed) area of all the rectangles. Closely related concepts are the lower and upper Darboux sums.
Discrete exterior calculus — discrete form of the exterior calculus of differential geometry; Modal analysis using FEM — solution of eigenvalue problems to find natural vibrations; Céa's lemma — solution in the finite-element space is an almost best approximation in that space of the true solution
In the area of graph theory in mathematics, a signed graph is a graph in which each edge has a positive or negative sign. A signed graph is balanced if the product of edge signs around every cycle is positive. The name "signed graph" and the notion of balance appeared first in a mathematical paper of Frank Harary in 1953. [1]
A point's winding number with respect to a polygon can be used to solve the point in polygon (PIP) problem – that is, it can be used to determine if the point is inside the polygon or not. Generally, the ray casting algorithm is a better alternative to the PIP problem as it does not require trigonometric functions, contrary to the winding ...
A finite signed measure (a.k.a. real measure) is defined in the same way, except that it is only allowed to take real values. That is, it cannot take + or . Finite signed measures form a real vector space, while extended signed measures do not because they are not closed under addition. On the other hand, measures are extended signed measures ...
Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
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