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Common rifle cartridges, from the largest .50 BMG to the smallest .22 Long Rifle with a $1 United States dollar bill in the background as a reference point.. This is a table of selected pistol/submachine gun and rifle/machine gun cartridges by common name.
Handgun cartridges Cartridge name Bullet diameter Case length Cartridge length Type Source in mm in mm in mm 2.34mm rimfire (for Swiss mini gun) .092 2.3.240 6.1: Rimmed, rimfire
The 5.56×45mm NATO SS109/M855 cartridge (NATO: SS109; U.S.: M855) with standard 62 gr. lead core bullets with steel penetrator will penetrate about 38 to 51 cm (15 to 20 in) into soft tissue in ideal circumstances. As with all spitzer shaped projectiles, it is prone to yaw in soft tissue.
A tungsten/nylon projectile core was developed by Ecomass Technologies to replace the lead core in the 3-part M855 5.56mm projectile and placed in service between 2000 and 2003. This projectile core performed similar to the lead core with the same, or better, accuracy.
Since lead is a very dense material, bullets made of inexpensive, non-toxic materials will be lighter than bullets made of lead unless bullet length is increased. Inferior external ballistics cause lighter bullets to be less effective against distant targets. Increasing bullet length may require a faster rifling twist to maintain stability.
In this instance, heavier bullets are loaded in standard ammunition, which reduces muzzle velocity below the speed of sound. As an example, the very common 9×19mm Parabellum standard military round is a 7.5 g (116 gr) bullet at velocities typically around 360 m/s (1,200 ft/s).
Monolithic bullets have been used for hunting big game in the USA for decades. The first popular all-copper bullet was the Barnes X bullet in 1986. [7] Since then, most bullet companies have a monolithic bullet on the market, including Nosler E-tips, Hornady GMX, Barnes TTSX, LRX, VOR-TX, Federal Trophy Copper, Winchester Powercore 95/5, Hammer bullets, Cutting Edge Bullets, Lehigh Defense, G9 ...
The .30 caliber (7.62 mm) armor-piercing bullet on the right has a copper jacket enclosing a hardened penetrator, but externally resembles the other four lead-core bullets. Armor-piercing bullets for rifle and handgun cartridges are designed to penetrate ballistic armor and protective shields intended to stop or deflect conventional bullets .