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Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories (IBT Labs) was an American industrial product safety testing laboratory. [1] [2] [3] IBT conducted significant quantities of research for pharmaceutical companies, chemical manufacturers and other industrial clients; at its height during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, IBT operated the largest facility of its kind and performed more than one-third of all ...
Alexander Oscar Gettler (August 13, 1883 – August 4, 1968) [1] [2] was a toxicologist with the Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York (OCME) between 1918 and 1959, and the first forensic chemist to be employed in this capacity by a U.S. city. [3] [4] [5] His work at OCME with Charles Norris, the chief medical examiner, created the foundation for modern medicolegal ...
Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
This work requires expert knowledge in molecular modeling and statistics together with expert judgment in chemistry, biology and toxicology. [35] In 2007 the American NGO National Academy of Sciences published a report called "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy" which opened with a statement: "Change often involves a ...
Such tests have been performed throughout American history, but have become significantly less frequent with the advent and adoption of various safeguarding efforts. [1] Despite these safeguards, unethical experimentation involving human subjects is still occasionally uncovered. [2]
In 1968, Environmental Sciences Corporation was established in Seattle, Washington, manufacturing equipment related to laboratory animals. [3] In 1972, it acquired and took the name of Hazleton Laboratories, a contract laboratory that conducted toxicology testing. [3]
Alere Inc. was a global manufacturer of rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests.The company was founded in 1991 and was headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts. [2] [3] As of January 2017, the company had a market capitalization of $3.47 billion with an enterprise value of $5.9 billion. [1]
Forensic toxicology is a multidisciplinary field that combines the principles of toxicology with expertise in disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. [1]