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The youth pledge text. The Youth Pledge (Indonesian: Sumpah Pemuda, lit. ' Youth Oath '), officially titled as Decision of the Congress of Indonesian Youth (van Ophuijsen spelling Indonesian: Poetoesan Congres Pemoeda-pemoeda Indonesia) is the pledge made by young Indonesians since 28 October 1928, which defined the identity of Indonesians.
Arnold J. Toynbee. G. W. Trompf notes that most western concepts of historic recurrence imply that "the past teaches lessons for ... future action"—that "the same ... sorts of events which have happened before ... will recur". [7]
A list of 100 words that occur most frequently in written English is given below, based on an analysis of the Oxford English Corpus (a collection of texts in the English language, comprising over 2 billion words). [1]
Tuanku Imam Bonjol featured in the 5,000-rupiah banknote issued by Bank Indonesia. Tuanku Imam Bonjol featured in a 1961 stamp. Tuanku Imam Bonjol was born in Bonjol, Pasaman, West Sumatra.
The Bijak of Kabir. Bijak is a compilation of verses and hymns attributed to Kabir, a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint. The term "Bijak" translates to "Seedling" or "The Seed" in Hindi, symbolizing the essence of Kabir's teachings. The text is central to the Kabir Panth, a spiritual movement that follows his philosophy.
Almost 100 leading members of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army are killed by the Japanese near the Batu Caves. Their secret location was betrayed by their leader Lai Teck, who was Double agent. 18 October: Kedah became the Thai possession of Syburi. 1944 11 January World War II: Action of 11 January 1944. World War II: Action of 17 July ...
The National Monument (Indonesian: Monumen Nasional, abbreviated Monas) is a 132 m (433 ft) obelisk in the centre of Merdeka Square, Central Jakarta.It is the national monument of the Republic of Indonesia, built to commemorate the struggle for Indonesian independence.
Nugroho Notosusanto was born in Rembang, Central Java, Dutch East Indies, on 15 July 1930, the first of three children born to R.P. Notosusanto, a professor of Islamic law and later one of the founders of Gadjah Mada University, and his wife.