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Jupiter was the first of the Sun's planets to form, and its inward migration during the primordial phase of the Solar System affected much of the formation history of the other planets. Jupiter's atmosphere consists of 76% hydrogen and 24% helium by mass, with a denser interior.
Hubble image of the scar taken on 23 July 2009 during the 2009 Jupiter impact event, showing a blemish of about 8,000 kilometres long. [1] In recorded history, the planet Jupiter has experienced impact events and has been probed and photographed by several spacecraft.
The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the ...
This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch. It includes: It includes: All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes .
1979 – Voyager 1 flies by Jupiter and discovers its faint ring system, as well as volcanoes on Io, the innermost of its Galilean moons. [201] 1979 – Voyager 2 flies by Jupiter and discovers evidence of an ocean under the surface of its moon Europa. [202] 1980 – Voyager 1 flies by Saturn and takes the first images of Titan. [203]
A major issue with sending probes to Jupiter is the amount of radiation to which a space probe is subjected, due to the harsh charged-particle environment around Jupiter (for a detailed explanation see Magnetosphere of Jupiter). For example, when Pioneer 11 made its closest approach to the planet, the level of radiation was ten times more ...
This photo, and many other images that have been released from Juno's extended mission, employs color enhancement to help visualize the depth between the layers of clouds in Jupiter's deep atmosphere.
Juno spent five years traveling to Jupiter, [21] accomplishing a gravity assist from Earth in October 2013. [22] Upon arrival at Jupiter, the spacecraft performed an orbit insertion burn, reducing its speed to be captured by the planet's gravity. [23] The mission was originally scheduled to conclude in February 2018 after completing 37 orbits ...