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Esophageal cancer also presents with progressive mechanical dysphagia. Patients usually come with rapidly progressive dysphagia first with solids then with liquids, weight loss (> 10 kg), and anorexia (loss of appetite). Esophageal cancer usually affects the elderly. Esophageal cancers can be either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.
Esophageal motility disorders, such as achalasia, where the esophageal muscles don’t contract properly. Esophageal strictures, when scar tissue from acid reflux, infections or surgery causes ...
Megaesophagus, also known as esophageal dilatation, is a disorder of the esophagus in humans and other mammals, whereby the esophagus becomes abnormally enlarged. Megaesophagus may be caused by any disease which causes the muscles of the esophagus to fail to properly propel food and liquid from the mouth into the stomach (that is, a failure of ...
Presbyphagia refers to characteristic changes in the swallowing mechanism of otherwise healthy older adults. [1] Although age-related changes place older adults at risk swallowing disorders, an older adult's swallow is not necessarily an impaired swallow. Clinicians are becoming more aware of the need to distinguish among swallowing disorders ...
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain. [ 6 ] HLES (hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter) is a rare manometric abnormality seen among individuals with dysphagia, chest pain, gastroesophageal reflux , and hiatal hernia .
Esophageal achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). [5] It is characterized by incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move food down the esophagus) in the absence of ...
The use of acid suppression therapy is a common response to GERD symptoms and many people get more of this kind of treatment than their case merits. [50] [57] [58] [52] [51] [59] The overuse of acid suppression is a problem because of the side effects and costs. [50] [58] [52] [51] [59]
Some patients have limited awareness of their dysphagia, so lack of the symptom does not exclude an underlying disease. [11] When dysphagia goes undiagnosed or untreated, patients are at a high risk of pulmonary aspiration and subsequent aspiration pneumonia secondary to food or liquids going the wrong way into the lungs.