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The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M 1, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM1 gene. [5] It is localized to 11q13. [5] This receptor is found mediating slow EPSP at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, [6] is common in exocrine glands and in the CNS. [7] [8]
Calmodulin is a small, highly conserved protein that is 148 amino acids long (16.7 kDa). The protein has two approximately symmetrical globular domains (the N- and C- domains) each containing a pair of EF hand motifs [5] separated by a flexible linker region for a total of four Ca 2+ binding sites, two in each globular domain. [6]
The sodium–potassium pump (sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as Na + /K +-ATPase, Na + /K + pump, or sodium–potassium ATPase) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the membrane of all animal cells. It performs several functions in cell physiology. The Na + /K +-ATPase enzyme is active (i.e. it ...
Absolute specificity can be thought of as being exclusive, in which an enzyme acts upon one specific substrate. [8] Absolute specific enzymes will only catalyze one reaction with its specific substrate. For example, lactase is an enzyme specific for the degradation of lactose into two sugar monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.
Allosteric modulators can be 1 of 3 types either: positive, negative or neutral. Positive types increase the response of the receptor by increasing the probability that an agonist will bind to a receptor (i.e. affinity), increasing its ability to activate the receptor (i.e. efficacy), or both. Negative types decrease the agonist affinity and/or ...
The enzymes in the kidney will then catalyze ureagenesis, compensating somewhat for a decrease in arginase I activity in the liver. Due to this alternate method of removing excess arginine and ammonia from the bloodstream, subjects with arginase deficiency tend to have longer lifespans than those who have other urea cycle defects.
The hallmark of an affinity label is the use of a targeting moiety to specifically and reversibly deliver a weakly reactive group to the enzyme that irreversibly binds to an amino acid residue. The targeting portion of the label often resembles the enzyme's natural substrate so that a similar mode of noncovalent binding is used prior to the ...
Various models have been used to test the affinity of nAChR agonists for receptor subtypes by identifying the molecules and their structures - i.e., constituent groups and steric conformation - which confer greater affinity. By using a model for the nAChR muscle receptor subtype (α1) 2 β1δγ, the following results were obtained: