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[1] [2] In its broadest sense, a tree is any plant with the general form of an elongated stem, or trunk, which supports the photosynthetic leaves or branches at some distance above the ground. [3] Trees are also typically defined by height, [ 4 ] with smaller plants from 0.5 to 10 m (1.6 to 32.8 ft) being called shrubs , [ 5 ] so the minimum ...
A section of a yew branch showing 27 annual growth rings, pale sapwood, dark heartwood, and pith (center dark spot). The dark radial lines are small knots. Heartwood (or duramen [12]) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation is a genetically programmed ...
Heartwood and sapwood in pinus sylvestris. The heartwood from the pine tree, heart pine, is preferred by woodworkers and builders over the sapwood, [1] due to its strength, hardness and golden red coloration. The longleaf pine, the favored tree for heart pine, nearly went extinct due to logging. Before the 18th century, in the United States ...
The trunk is usually highly irregular with frequent branching. The bark is slate white in color and has a peeling appearance. The sapwood is usually pale reddish in color while the heartwood is deep red to brown. [4] [5] The leaves are around 8 to 12 cm (3.1 to 4.7 in) in length, and 5 cm (2.0 in) in width.
Bark has been used to make cloth, canoes, and ropes and used as a surface for paintings and map making. [12] A number of plants are also grown for their attractive or interesting bark colorations and surface textures or their bark is used as landscape mulch. [13] [14]
[13] [14] This database was created by several international researchers, members of the IAWA, mostly botanists, biologists and wood scientists. [15] The database thousands of wood anatomical descriptions and nearly 66,000 photomicrographs of contemporary woods, along with more than 1,600 descriptions and 2,000 images of fossil woods.
In woody plants, a tylosis (plural: tyloses) is a bladder-like distension of a parenchyma cell into the lumen of adjacent vessels. The term tylosis summarises the physiological process and the resulting occlusion in the xylem of woody plants as response to injury or as protection from decay in heartwood. [1]
Australian sandalwood is mostly harvested and sold in log form, graded for heartwood content. The species is unique in that the white sapwood does not require removal before distilling the oil. The logs are either processed to distill the essential oil, or made into powders for making incense. Indian sandalwood, used mainly for oil extraction ...