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Xenotransplantation (xenos-from the Greek meaning "foreign" or strange [1] [2]), or heterologous transplant, is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another. [3] Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants .
Xenotransfusion (from Greek xenos-'strange, foreign'), a form of xenotransplantation, was initially defined as the transfer of blood from one species into the veins of another. [1] In most cases, it is a transfer of blood between a non-human animal and a human. However, further experimentation has been done between various non-human animal species.
Xenotransplantation is a cross-species tissue transplantation from animal to human. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] The development of blood vessel anastomosis opened the door for xenotransplantation during the 20th century, which led to numerous attempts in organ transplantations with tissues from nonhuman primates (NHPs).
A Javan banteng calf was cloned from frozen cells using a cow as a surrogate, delivered via c-section on April 1, 2003, then hand raised at the San Diego Wild Animal Parks Infant Isolation Unit. [1] It died due to an injury when it was less than seven years old, about half the normal life of a banteng. [2]
It is a form of xenotransplantation. PDX models are used to create an environment that allows for the continued growth of cancer after its removal from a patient. In this way, tumor growth can be monitored in the laboratory, including in response to potential therapeutic options. [1]
Examples of human–animal hybrids mainly include humanized mice that have been genetically modified by xenotransplantation of human genes. [2] Humanized mice are commonly used as small animal models in biological and medical research for human therapeutics.
Stephanie Fae Beauclair [1] (October 14, 1984 – November 15, 1984), better known as Baby Fae, was an American infant born in 1984 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.She became the first infant subject of a xenotransplant procedure and first successful infant heart transplant, receiving the heart of a baboon.
The naming of hybrid animals depends on the sex and species of the parents. The father giving the first half of his species' name and the mother the second half of hers. (I.e. a pizzly bear has a polar bear father and grizzly bear mother whereas a grolar bear's parents would be reversed.)