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In chemistry, a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl (>S(=O) 2) group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula RSO 2 X , where X is a halogen. The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides , all four types being well known.
Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −R′, where there are two double bonds between the sulfur and oxygen. [1]: 53 [2] Sulfonyl groups can be reduced to the sulfide with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBALH). Lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4) reduces some but not all sulfones to sulfides. [1]: 1851
A classic preparation of sulfonates is the Strecker sulfite alkylation, in which an alkali sulfite salt displaces a halide, typically in the presence of an iodine catalyst: [1] RX + M 2 SO 3 → RSO 3 M + MX. An alternative is the condensation of a sulfonyl halide with an alcohol in pyridine: [2] ROH + R'SO 2 Cl → ROSO 2 R' + HCl
General structure of a sulfonic acid with the functional group indicated in blue. In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [1]
Tosyl group (blue) with a generic "R" group attached Tosylate group with a generic "R" group attached. Note the extra oxygen, compared to plain tosyl. In organic chemistry, a toluenesulfonyl group (tosyl group, abbreviated Ts or Tos [nb 1]) is a univalent functional group with the chemical formula −SO 2 −C 6 H 4 −CH 3.
The structure of a sulfone Dimethyl sulfone, an example of a sulfone. In organic chemistry, a sulfone is a organosulfur compound containing a sulfonyl (R−S(=O) 2 −R’) functional group attached to two carbon atoms.
The functional group consists of a sulfonyl group and a N-substituted ureylene group Sulfonylureas or sulphonylureas are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture . The functional group consists of a sulfonyl group (-S(=O) 2 ) with its sulphur atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of a ureylene group (N,N-dehydrourea, a ...
Sulfinyl halide have the general formula R−S(O)−X, where X is a halogen. They are intermediate in oxidation level between sulfenyl halides , R−S−X, and sulfonyl halides , R−SO 2 −X.