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In particle physics a Majorana fermion (/ m aɪ ə ˈ r ɑː n ə / [1]) or Majorana particle is a fermion that is its own antiparticle. They were hypothesised by Ettore Majorana in 1937. The term is sometimes used in opposition to Dirac fermion , which describes fermions that are not their own antiparticles.
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Spin-1/2 Majorana fermions, such as the hypothetical neutralino, can be described as either a dependent 4-component Majorana spinor or a single 2-component Weyl spinor. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Majorana fermion or a Dirac fermion; observing neutrinoless double-beta decay experimentally would settle this question.
Ettore Majorana (/ m aɪ ə ˈ r ɑː n ə /, [2] Italian: [ˈɛttore majoˈraːna]; born 5 August 1906 and disappeared 1938) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses.
Particles corresponding to Majorana spinors are known as Majorana particles, due to the above self-conjugacy constraint. All the fermions included in the Standard Model have been excluded as Majorana fermions (since they have non-zero electric charge they cannot be antiparticles of themselves) with the exception of the neutrino (which is neutral).
In condensed matter physics, the Kitaev chain or Kitaev–Majorana chain is a simplified model for a topological superconductor. It models a one dimensional lattice featuring Majorana bound states . The Kitaev chain have been used as a toy model of semiconductor nanowires for the development of topological quantum computers .
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Majorana fermion; Majorana Prize, a prize for theoretical and mathematical physics; ... Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 ...