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A chained volume series is a series of economic data (such as GDP, GNP or similar kinds of data) from successive years, put in real (or constant, i.e. inflation- and deflation-adjusted) terms by computing the aggregate value of the measure (e.g. GDP or GNP) for each year using the prices of the preceding year, and then 'chain linking' the data together to obtain a time-series of figures from ...
Chain linking is a statistical method, defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as: . Joining together two indices that overlap in one period by rescaling one of them to make its value equal to that of the other in the same period, thus combining them into single time series.
OLE 1.0, released in 1990, was an evolution of the original Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) concept that Microsoft developed for earlier versions of Windows.While DDE was limited to transferring limited amounts of data between two running applications, OLE was capable of maintaining active links between two documents or even embedding one type of document within another.
To this plot is added a line at the average value, x and lines at the UCL and LCL values. On a separate graph, the calculated ranges MR i are plotted. A line is added for the average value, MR and second line is plotted for the range upper control limit (UCL r).
Risk-based performance attribution decomposes the performance of a portfolio based on various risk factors or risk exposures (see factor analysis). For complex or dynamic portfolios, risk-based profit attribution may have some advantages over methods which rely only on realized performance. This may be the case for some hedge fund strategies. [23]
The OPC specification was based on the OLE, COM, and DCOM technologies developed by Microsoft Corporation for the Microsoft Windows operating system family. The specification defined a standard set of objects , interfaces e.g. IDL and methods for use in process control and manufacturing automation applications to facilitate interoperability .
The term Embed, when used in conjunction with webpages and media, is almost exactly what is meant by the term Link in OLE. Microsoft states the differences clearly: “When a link to an object is inserted in a compound document, the source data, or link source, continues to reside wherever it was initially created, usually in another document.
The linking number is defined for two linked circles; given three or more circles, one can define the Milnor invariants, which are a numerical invariant generalizing linking number. In algebraic topology , the cup product is a far-reaching algebraic generalization of the linking number, with the Massey products being the algebraic analogs for ...