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In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that relates one or more unknown functions and their derivatives. [1] In applications, the functions generally represent physical quantities, the derivatives represent their rates of change, and the differential equation defines a relationship between the two.
Differential equations play a prominent role in many scientific areas: mathematics, physics, engineering, chemistry, biology, medicine, economics, etc. This list presents differential equations that have received specific names, area by area.
Mathieu's differential equations appear in a wide range of contexts in engineering, physics, and applied mathematics. Many of these applications fall into one of two general categories: 1) the analysis of partial differential equations in elliptic geometries, and 2) dynamical problems which involve forces that are periodic in either space or time.
In mathematics, a differential-algebraic system of equations (DAE) is a system of equations that either contains differential equations and algebraic equations, or is equivalent to such a system. The set of the solutions of such a system is a differential algebraic variety , and corresponds to an ideal in a differential algebra of differential ...
An ordinary differential equation is a differential equation that relates functions of one variable to their derivatives with respect to that variable. A partial differential equation is a differential equation that relates functions of more than one variable to their partial derivatives. Differential equations arise naturally in the physical ...
Nonlinear ones are of particular interest for their commonality in describing real-world systems and how much more difficult they are to solve compared to linear differential equations. This list presents nonlinear ordinary differential equations that have been named, sorted by area of interest.
The study of these differential equations with constant coefficients dates back to Leonhard Euler, who introduced the exponential function e x, which is the unique solution of the equation f′ = f such that f(0) = 1. It follows that the n th derivative of e cx is c n e cx, and this allows solving homogeneous linear differential equations ...
In calculus, the differential represents the principal part of the change in a function = with respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential is defined by = ′ (), where ′ is the derivative of f with respect to , and is an additional real variable (so that is a function of and ).