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The Novator Kalibr (Калибр, caliber), also referred to as 3M54-1 Kalibr, 3M14 Biryuza (Бирюза, turquoise), (NATO reporting name SS-N-27 Sizzler and SS-N-30A) is a family of Russian cruise missiles developed by NPO Novator . It first saw service in 1994.
It is believed that the 9M729 is a land-based variant of the Novator Kalibr cruise missile employed by the Russian Navy. Russia states a range of less than 500km, [20] but media sources claim the missile has an actual range of 2,350 kilometers, and a reduced range of 2,000 kilometers when armed with a 500 kilogram conventional warhead. [13]
It is reportedly a variant of the 3M-54 Kalibr. [1] 9M729 (SSC-8) – new long-range missile that is reportedly a land-based version of the 3M14 Kalibr-NK missile complex with a range between 300–3,400 miles (480–5,470 km) and may be based even on the air-launched 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi)-range Kh-101 cruise missile. [85]
According to Russian media (2017), the longest possible range is 540 nmi (620 mi; 1,000 km) and for this purpose a new fuel was created. [50] [51] [52] Some internet sources even claim the range of missile can reach 1,000 - 2,000 km, depending on the type of target. [7]
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The Kashtan CIWS on the first ship was replaced in subsequent vessels by 12 Redut VLS cells containing 9M96E medium-range SAMs of the S-350 system. 3M54 Kalibr missiles will be fitted to a larger domestic version, Project 20385. [7]
In October 2015, Russia launched long-range Kalibr (Klub) cruise missiles from its small ships in the Caspian Sea on targets in Syria; in December, several 3M14K cruise missiles from Kalibr-PL system were fired from the improved Kilo-class submarine B-237 Rostov-on-Don in the Mediterranean. [5]
Earlier this month, when Tucker Carlson asked Vladimir Putin about his reasons for invading Ukraine two years ago, Putin gave him a lecture on Russian history. The 71-year-old Russian leader spent ...