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For example, James J. Gibson, a founder of ecological psychology, believes that human evolutionary success is enhanced by the ability to analyze social costs and benefits so that humans can recognize and functionally respond to threats and opportunities, and that errors in judgment will be biased toward minimizing costs to reproductive fitness ...
The basic rationale is that prejudice may be reduced as one learns more about a category of people. [1] Rothbart and John (1985) describe belief change through contact as "an example of the general cognitive process by which attributes of category members modify category attributes" (p. 82). [22]
For example, James J. Gibson, a founder of ecological psychology, believes that human evolutionary success is enhanced by the ability to analyze social costs and benefits so that humans can recognize and functionally respond to threats and opportunities, and that errors in judgment will be biased toward minimizing costs to reproductive fitness. [4]
Allport's Scale of Prejudice goes from 1 to 5. Antilocution: Antilocution occurs when an in-group freely purports negative images of an out-group. [2] Hate speech is the extreme form of this stage. [3] It is commonly seen as harmless by the majority.
American psychologist Gordon Allport coined this term in his 1954 book, The Nature of Prejudice. [2] Antilocution is the first point on Allport's Scale, which can be used to measure the degree of bias or prejudice in a society. Allport's stages of prejudice are antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and extermination.
According to Whitley and Kite, ambivalent prejudice comes from one person having both good and bad thoughts about an outgroup. [2] The example in their book The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination talks about race and how some people often have ambivalent attitudes towards people of other races. This means that their behavior is also ...
Contact approaches to prejudice reduction are based on prominent social psychologist, Gordon Allport's, contact hypothesis. [3] According to this hypothesis, prejudice is best reduced under optimal conditions of contact between those who hold prejudiced beliefs and those who are the targets of prejudiced beliefs.
Realistic conflict theory (RCT), also known as realistic group conflict theory (RGCT), [1] [2] is a social psychological model of intergroup conflict. [3] The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that ...