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Adverse effects Cinchona bark Cinchona pubescens: Warfarin Possible additive effect [3] Chamomile: Blood thinners [23] Devil's Claw: grapple plant, wood spider Harpagophytum: Warfarin Additive effect [3] Ephedra Ephedra: Caffeine, decongestants, stimulants [15] Increases sympathomimetic effect of ephedra [3] Feverfew: featherfew Tanacetum ...
High caffeine consumption in energy drinks (at least one liter or 320 mg of caffeine) was associated with short-term cardiovascular side effects including hypertension, prolonged QT interval, and heart palpitations. These cardiovascular side effects were not seen with smaller amounts of caffeine consumption in energy drinks (less than 200 mg).
Ephedrine (usually as Ephedra extract) was a common ingredient in many pre-workout supplements in the 1990s and early 2000s, sometimes in combination with caffeine and aspirin (the so-called ECA stack), however, following many reports of serious side effects and some deaths, it was banned for use in supplements by the FDA in 2004 throughout the ...
The potential benefits of caffeine are increased focus and reaction time, reduced perceived effort, and faster sprint performance. It blocks tiredness-causing adenosine from receptors in the brain.
Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of kidney function, because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Creatinine itself is produced [ 5 ] via a biological system involving creatine , phosphocreatine (also known as creatine phosphate), and adenosine ...
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes , which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
The health effects of coffee include various possible health benefits and health risks. [ 1 ] A 2017 umbrella review of meta-analyses found that drinking coffee is generally safe within usual levels of intake and is more likely to improve health outcomes than to cause harm at doses of 3 or 4 cups of coffee daily.
Drugs that interact usually share three common features: they are taken orally, normally only a small amount enters systemic blood circulation, and they are metabolized by CYP3A4. [1] The effects on the CYP3A4 in the liver could, in principle, cause interactions with non-oral drugs (e.g. parenteral , inhaled substances , transdermal ...