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Each form of the BRIEF parent- and teacher- rating form contains 86 items in eight non-overlapping clinical scales and two validity scales.These theoretically and statistically derived scales form two indexes: Behavioral Regulation (three scales) and Metacognition (five scales), as well as a Global Executive Composite [6] score that takes into account all of the clinical scales and represents ...
[3] [4] Achenbach used machine learning and principal component analysis when developing the ASEBA in order to cluster symptoms together when forming the assessment's eight categories. This approach ignored the syndrome clusters found in the DSM-I, instead relying on patterns found in case records of children with identified psychopathologies.
There is no assessment of executive function, phonemic fluency, or motor responses. It takes about half an hour to administer. [3] It was originally introduced in the screening for dementia, but has also found application in other situations, [3] such as hepatic encephalopathy. [4]
Some of the possible symptoms of chronic meningitis (due to any cause) include headache, nausea and vomiting, fever, and visual impairment. Nuchal rigidity (or neck stiffness with discomfort in trying to move the neck), a classic symptom in acute meningitis, was seen in only 45% of cases of chronic meningitis with the sign being even more rare in non-infectious causes.
[6] [7] Suspicion of meningitis is a medical emergency and immediate medical assessment is recommended. Current guidance in the United Kingdom is that if a case of meningococcal meningitis or septicaemia (infection of the blood) is suspected, intravenous antibiotics should be given and the ill person admitted to the hospital. [8]
Meningism is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis. [1] [3] [4] Whereas meningitis is inflammation of the meninges (membranes that cover the central nervous system), meningism is caused by nonmeningitic irritation of the meninges, usually associated with acute febrile illness, [1] [2] especially in children and adolescents. [2]
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) is a 35-item parent-report questionnaire designed to identify children with difficulties in psychosocial functioning. Its primary purpose is to alert pediatricians at an early point about which children would benefit from further assessment. [1]
The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire, or SPAQ, is a simple, self-administered screening test for Seasonal Affective Disorder, first developed in 1984.Though some aspects of its accuracy have been questioned since then, it is widely used today, especially by SAD researchers.