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Losartan, sold under the brand name Cozaar among others, is a medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). [4] It is in the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) family of medication, and is considered protective of the kidneys.
Losartan, the first ARB. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) antagonists, [1] also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, [2] [3] angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT 1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT 1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and ...
Losartan, valsartan, candesartan, irbesartan, telmisartan and olmesartan all contain a biphenyl-methyl group. [citation needed] Losartan is partly metabolized to its 5-carboxylic acid metabolite EXP 3174, which is a more potent AT 1 receptor antagonist than its parent compound [17] and has been a model for the continuing development of several ...
Those with impaired liver function are unable to metabolize amlodipine to its full extent, giving it a longer half-life than typical. [7] [6] Amlodipine's safety in pregnancy has not been established, although reproductive toxicity at high doses is known. Whether amlodipine enters the milk of breastfeeding mothers is also unknown.
Unlike other ACE inhibitors that are primarily excreted by the kidneys, fosinopril is eliminated from the body by both renal and hepatic pathways. [8] This characteristic of fosinopril makes the drug a safer choice than other ACE inhibitors for heart failure patients with impaired kidney function resulting from poor perfusion [9] as fosinopril can still be eliminated by the liver, preventing ...
The AT1 receptor mediates the major cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II. Effects include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of ...
Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that a reduction of blood pressure by 5 mmHg can decrease the risk of stroke by 34% and of ischaemic heart disease by 21%.
The risk of high blood potassium is greater in those with kidney problems, diabetes, and those who are older. [1] Amiloride blocks the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the late distal tubule, connecting tubule, and collecting duct of the nephron , [ 3 ] which both reduces absorption of sodium ion from the lumen of the nephron and reduces ...