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This is a timeline of influenza, briefly describing major events such as outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics, discoveries and developments of vaccines. In addition to specific year/period-related events, there is the seasonal flu that kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people every year and has claimed between 340 million and 1 billion human lives ...
It is generally understood that the 1510 influenza had spread in Africa before Europe. [17] [9] Influenza was likely widespread in North Africa before crossing continents through the Mediterranean, arriving in Malta [4] [18] where British medical historian Thomas Short believed that the "island of Melite in Africa" became the 1510 flu's springboard into Europe.
Martínez López de Letona J. (2007). La historia natural de la enfermedad como fuente esencial para la formulación del pronóstico (PDF). Madrid: HM. ISBN 978-84-612-7199-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-08-18. Bhopal, R. (2008). Concepts of Epidemiology. Integrating the ideas, theories, principles and methods of epidemiology (2nd ...
Influenza attacked Africa through the Ottoman Empire, which by 1557 was expanding its territories in the northern and eastern parts of the continent. Egypt , which had been conquered by the Ottoman Empire around 40 years prior, became an access point for influenza to travel south through the Red Sea along shipping routes.
The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus.
The natural hosts of influenza viruses are pigs and birds, although it has probably infected humans since antiquity. [245] The virus can cause mild to severe epizootics in wild and domesticated animals. [246] Many species of wild birds migrate and this has spread influenza across the continents throughout the ages.
1957–1958 influenza pandemic: Influenza A/H2N2: 1–4 million – 1957–1958 Worldwide 11 Hong Kong flu: Influenza A/H3N2: 1–4 million – 1968–1969 Worldwide 12 1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic: Typhus: 2–3 million 1–1.6% of Russian population [14] 1918–1922 Russia: 13 Cocoliztli epidemic of 1576: Cocoliztli 2–2.5 million 50% ...
Typically, influenza is transmitted from infected mammals through the air by coughs or sneezes, creating aerosols containing the virus, and from infected birds through their droppings. Influenza can also be transmitted by saliva, nasal secretions, feces, and blood. Healthy individuals can become infected if they breathe in a virus-laden aerosol ...