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In the Permian geologic period, North-Central Texas was a part of the western coastal zone of equatorial Pangea, a super-continental land mass. [1] Nearby uplifts and mountainous regions, such as the Muenster Arch and Red River Uplift, the Wichita, Arbuckle, and Ouachita mountains developed by the end of the Pennsylvanian, [2] providing elevated topography to the north and east during the Permian.
The Red Beds of Texas and Oklahoma are a group of Early Permian-age geologic strata in the southwestern United States cropping out in north-central Texas and south-central Oklahoma. They comprise several stratigraphic groups , including the Clear Fork Group , the Wichita Group , and the Pease River Group . [ 1 ]
The area is sometimes called the Lower Plains, North Central Plains,or Rolling Plains. [2] The Osage Plains, covering west-central Missouri , the southeastern third of Kansas , most of central Oklahoma , and extending into north-central Texas , is the southernmost of three tallgrass prairie physiographic areas.
The North Central Plains are bounded by the Caprock Escarpment to the west, the Edwards Plateau to the south, and the Eastern Cross Timbers to the east. This area includes the North Central Plains around the cities of Abilene and Wichita Falls , the Western Cross Timbers to the west of Fort Worth , the Grand Prairie , and the Eastern Cross ...
The Central Great Plains are a prairie ecoregion of the central United States, part of North American Great Plains. The region runs from west-central Texas through west-central Oklahoma, central Kansas, and south-central Nebraska. It is designated as the Central and Southern Mixed Grasslands ecoregion by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
The combined river follows a winding course east through one of the most arid parts of the Great Plains, receiving the Wichita River about 25 miles northeast of the city of Wichita Falls. Near Denison, the river exits the eastern end of Lake Texoma, a reservoir formed by the Denison Dam. (The lake is also fed by the Washita River from the north.)
Savannas, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America. Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57322-X; Francaviglia, Richard V. The Cast Iron Forest: A Natural and Cultural History of the North American Cross Timbers. University of Texas Press, 2000. ISBN 0-292-72515-9; Gregg, Josiah. "The Cross Timbers".
Texas is approximately bisected by a series of faults that trend southwest to northeast across the state, from the area of Uvalde to Texarkana.South and east of these faults, the surface exposures consist mostly of Cenozoic sandstone and shale strata that grow progressively younger toward the coast, indicative of a regression that has continued from the late Mesozoic to the present.