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In archaeology, a biofact (or ecofact) is any organic material including flora or fauna material found at an archaeological site that has not been technologically altered by humans yet still has cultural relevance. [1] Biofacts can include but are not limited to plants, seeds, pollen, animal bones, insects, fish bones and mollusks. [1]
These distinctions are often blurred; a bone removed from an animal carcass is a biofact but a bone carved into a useful implement is an artifact. Similarly there can be debate over early stone objects that could be either crude artifact or naturally occurring and happen to resemble early objects made by early humans or Homo sapiens.
Specifically, plant and animal remains are also called ecofacts. Sometimes these ecofacts can be left by humans and sometimes they can be naturally occurring. [ 1 ] Archaeobiology tends to focus on more recent finds, so the difference between archaeobiology and palaeontology is mainly one of date: archaeobiologists typically work with more ...
The implementation in the 1970s of a new recovery method, called flotation, allowed archaeologists to begin systematically searching for plant macrofossils at every type of archaeological site. As a result, there was a sudden influx of material for archaeobotanical study, as carbonized and mineralized plant remains were becoming readily ...
Archaeologists have unravelled the mystery of a strange skeleton from Belgium consisting of bones from five people who lived 2,500 years apart. The skeleton, unearthed in the 1970s at a Roman ...
The three small bones in the middle ear of mammals including humans, the malleus, incus, and stapes, are today used to transmit sound from the eardrum to the inner ear. The malleus and incus develop in the embryo from structures that form jaw bones (the quadrate and the articular) in lizards, and in fossils of lizard-like ancestors of mammals.
Bioarchaeology (osteoarchaeology, osteology or palaeo-osteology [1]) in Europe describes the study of biological remains from archaeological sites.In the United States it is the scientific study of human remains from archaeological sites.
The term invertebrates does not describe a taxon in the same way that Arthropoda, Vertebrata or Manidae do. Each of those terms describes a valid taxon, phylum, subphylum or family. "Invertebrata" is a term of convenience, not a taxon; it has very little circumscriptional significance except within the Chordata.