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After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight. After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing. After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon. ‡ After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight. [nb 1] †
This is a list of astronauts by year of selection: people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. Until recently, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies.
This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1981 to 1990, spanning the end of the Soviet Union's Salyut space station program, the beginning of Mir, and the start of the US Space Shuttle program. Red indicates fatalities. Green indicates suborbital flights (including flights that failed to attain intended orbit). #
Countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of January 2024. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi), while in the United States, professional, military and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 ...
Crewed flight with two cosmonauts, first Vietnamese space traveller 24 July 12:40 Soyuz-U Plesetsk Site 43/3 Kosmos 1202 (Zenit-6) Low Earth Optical imaging: 7 August: Successful 31 July 07:45 Soyuz-U Plesetsk Site 43/3 Kosmos 1203 (Resurs-F1 No.12) Low Earth Remote sensing: 14 August: Successful 31 July 11:00 Kosmos-3M Kapustin Yar Site 107/1
Note: Some space records are disputed as a result of ambiguities surrounding the border of space. Most records follow the FAI definition of the space border which the FAI sets at an altitude of 100 km (62.14 mi). By contrast, US agencies define the border of space at 50 mi (80.47 km).
Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space; Australian law at the time forbade dual-citizenship. Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name. More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts.