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According to the then-surgeon general's report, a woman who has two drinks a day faces a nearly 22% chance of developing an alcohol-related cancer, compared with a 16.5% risk for a woman drinking ...
The basic trajectory of liquor in the body is from a person's mouth, through the esophagus, to the stomach, intestines, and the liver, where about 80-90% of the alcohol people consume is processed.
In 2022, Americans drank about 2.5 gallons of alcohol, or 533 standard drinks, in a year, according to a National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism report released in 2024. It represents a ...
For other countries, it may be easiest to convert to UK units. For example, in the United States one standard drink contains 14 grams ≈ 1.75 units of alcohol, and so a US standard drink takes the body about an hour and three-quarters to process. Blood alcohol content can more accurately be estimated by using Widmark's formula. [43]
The median lethal dose of alcohol in test animals is a blood alcohol content of 0.45%. This is about six times the level of ordinary intoxication (0.08%), but vomiting or unconsciousness may occur much sooner in people who have a low tolerance for alcohol. [34]
Food such as fructose can increase the rate of alcohol metabolism. The effect can vary significantly from person to person, but a 100 g dose of fructose has been shown to increase alcohol metabolism by an average of 80%. In people with proteinuria and hematuria, fructose can cause falsely high BAC readings, due to kidney-liver metabolism. [106]
Understanding the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol consumption can help you make an informed choice about whether to raise a glass or take a pass on that next round.
Some effects of alcohol intoxication, such as euphoria and lowered social inhibition, are central to alcohol's desirability. [21] As drinking increases, people become sleepy or fall into a stupor. At very high blood alcohol concentrations, for example above 0.3%, the respiratory system becomes depressed and the person may stop breathing. [22]