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The disc becomes progressively darker over time; tracks at the end of the disc (near the outer edge) show an increasing number of disc-read errors before becoming unplayable. CD bronzing seems to occur mostly with audio CDs manufactured by Philips and Dupont Optical (PDO) at its plant in Blackburn, Lancashire, UK, between the years 1988 and ...
In 1988, Memorex International acquired the Telex Corporation becoming Memorex Telex NV, a corporation based in the Netherlands, which survived as an entity until the middle 1990s. [4] The company evolved into a provider of information technology solutions including the distribution and integration of data network and storage products and the ...
100 kB [28] FM Tandy Portable Disk Drive (aka Brother FB-100, knitking FD-19) 3 1 ⁄ 2 inch Single 1 80 2 1,280 200 kB [29] FM Used only in Tandy Portable Disk Drive 2 5 1 ⁄ 4 inch Double 1 35 18 256 157 kB [30] MFM Color Computer HP 9114A 3 1 ⁄ 2 inch Double 2 80 16 256 128-710kB [31] 600 MFM Used with HP 110 and Portable Series 40 & 70 ...
Bad or improperly made labels, or labels applied off-center, unbalance the CD and can cause it to vibrate when it spins, which causes read errors and even risks damaging the drive. [23] Example of burned CD-R labeled using a permanent marker. A professional alternative to CD labels is pre-printed CDs using a 5-color silkscreen or offset press.
A CD can be used to store audio, video, and data in various standardized formats defined in the Rainbow Books. CDs are usually manufactured in a class 100 (ISO 5) or better clean room, to avoid contamination which would result in data corruption. They can be manufactured to strict manufacturing tolerances for only a few US cents per disk.
Most CD players in the late 1980s and early 1990s did not handle the Mini CD circular indentation and required the use of an adapter, or very careful placement of the CD in the exact middle of the tray. Not until after the major record labels discontinued them, did the CD Players start to have the 80 mm circular indentation as standard.
The CD jewel case is designed to carry a booklet, as well as to have panel inserts. These may be used to display album artwork, lyrics, photos, thank-yous, messages, biography, etc. [5] Because the CD jewel case is the standard, most commonly used CD case, it is much cheaper. The price of the CD jewel case usually ranges from $0.75 to $0.95.
The Tandy Memorex Video Information System (VIS) is an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM player produced by the Tandy Corporation starting in 1992. It is similar in function to the Philips CD-i and Commodore CDTV systems (particularly the CDTV, since both the VIS and CDTV were adaptations of existing computer platforms and operating systems to the set-top-box design).