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The culture of England is diverse. Owing to England's influential position within the United Kingdom it can sometimes be difficult to differentiate English culture from the culture of the United Kingdom as a whole. [1] However, tracing its origins back to the early Anglo-Saxon era, England cultivated an increasingly distinct cultural heritage.
Englishness: twentieth century popular culture and the forming of English identity. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2365-5. Harris, Stephen J. (2003). Race and Ethnicity in Anglo-Saxon Literature. Taylor & Francis. Helmreich, Anne (2002). The English garden and national identity. Modern architecture and cultural identity.
The United Kingdom inherited the literary traditions of England, Scotland and Wales. These include Arthurian literature and its Welsh origins, Norse-influenced Old English literature, the works of English authors Geoffrey Chaucer and William Shakespeare, and Scots works such as John Barbour's The Brus. [23]
State-funded schools are obliged by law to teach the National Curriculum; basic areas of learning include English literature, English language, mathematics, science, art & design, citizenship, history, geography, religious education, design & technology, computing, ancient & modern languages, music, and physical education. [223]
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. [8] The English identity began with the Anglo-Saxons , when they were known as the Angelcynn , meaning race or tribe of the Angles .
Due to immigration from other countries, not all people residing in England and the United Kingdom are White.According to the 2011 census in England, around 85.4% of residents are White (British, Irish, other European), 7.8% Asian (mainly South Asian), 3.5% Black, 2.3% are of mixed-race heritage, 0.4% Arab, and 0.6% identified as Other ethnicity, with a significantly higher non-white ...
England's economy is usually regarded as a mixed market economy, it has adopted many free market principles in contrast to the Rhine Capitalism of Europe, yet maintains an advanced social welfare infrastructure. The currency in England is the pound sterling, also known as the GBP. England prints its own banknotes which are also circulated in Wales.
Technology and science in England advanced considerably during the Middle Ages, driven in part by the Greek and Islamic thinking that reached England from the 12th century onwards. [264] Many advances were made in scientific ideas, including the introduction of Arabic numerals and a sequence of improvements in the units used for measuring time ...