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The Bortle dark-sky scale (usually referred to as simply the Bortle scale) is a nine-level numeric scale that measures the night sky's brightness of a particular location. It quantifies the astronomical observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by light pollution .
In doing so, he also developed the brightness scale still in use today. [1] Hipparchus compiled a catalogue with at least 850 stars and their positions. [2] Hipparchus's successor, Ptolemy, included a catalogue of 1,022 stars in his work the Almagest, giving their location, coordinates, and brightness. [3]
The Sun is the brightest star as viewed from Earth, at −26.78 mag. The second brightest is Sirius at −1.46 mag. For comparison, the brightest non-stellar objects in the Solar System have maximum brightnesses of: the Moon −12.7 mag [1] Venus −4.92 mag; Jupiter −2.94 mag; Mars −2.94 mag; Mercury −2.48 mag; Saturn −0.55 mag [2]
minimum brightness during transits. −2.94: planet Jupiter: seen from Earth maximum brightness [41] −2.94: planet Mars: seen from Earth maximum brightness [41] −2.5: Faintest objects visible during the day with naked eye when Sun is less than 10° above the horizon: −2.50: new moon: seen from Earth minimum brightness −2.50: planet ...
Gaia Sky is an open-source astronomy visualisation desktop and VR program with versions for Windows, Linux and macOS.It is created and developed by Toni Sagristà Sellés in the framework of ESA's Gaia mission to create a billion-star multi-dimensional map of our Milky Way Galaxy, in the Gaia group of the Astronomisches Rechen-Institut (ZAH, Universität Heidelberg).
[8] [9] Every interval of one magnitude equates to a variation in brightness of 5 √ 100 or roughly 2.512 times. Consequently, a magnitude 1 star is about 2.5 times brighter than a magnitude 2 star, about 2.5 2 times brighter than a magnitude 3 star, about 2.5 3 times brighter than a magnitude 4 star, and so on.
An online star chart; Monthly sky maps for every location on Earth Archived 2007-09-13 at the Wayback Machine; The Evening Sky Map – Free monthly star charts and calendar for northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere, and equatorial sky watchers. Sky Map Online – Free interactive star chart (showing over 1.2 million stars up to magnitude 12)
Screenshot of Aladin User Interface (Version 10) Aladin is an interactive software sky atlas, created in France.It allows the user to visualize digitized astronomical images, superimpose entries from astronomical catalogues or databases, and interactively access related data and information from the SIMBAD database, the VizieR service and other archives for all known sources in the field.