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  2. Inheritance (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inheritance_(object...

    Still, inheritance is a commonly used mechanism for establishing subtype relationships. [7] Inheritance is contrasted with object composition, where one object contains another object (or objects of one class contain objects of another class); see composition over inheritance.

  3. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    [2] [3] Thus, in the expression 1 + 2 × 3, the multiplication is performed before addition, and the expression has the value 1 + (2 × 3) = 7, and not (1 + 2) × 3 = 9. When exponents were introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, they were given precedence over both addition and multiplication and placed as a superscript to the right of ...

  4. Delegation (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delegation_(object...

    Inheritance, by contrast, typically targets the type rather than the instances, and is restricted to compile time. On the other hand, inheritance can be statically type-checked, while delegation generally cannot without generics (although a restricted version of delegation can be statically typesafe [7]). Delegation can be termed "run-time ...

  5. Multiple inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_inheritance

    The class writer has the option to rename the inherited features to separate them. Multiple inheritance is a frequent occurrence in Eiffel development; most of the effective classes in the widely used EiffelBase library of data structures and algorithms, for example, have two or more parents. [7] Go prevents the diamond problem at compile time.

  6. C3 linearization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3_linearization

    [10] Python's Guido van Rossum summarizes C3 superclass linearization thus: [11] Basically, the idea behind C3 is that if you write down all of the ordering rules imposed by inheritance relationships in a complex class hierarchy, the algorithm will determine a monotonic ordering of the classes that satisfies all of them.

  7. Prototype-based programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype-based_programming

    Prototype-based programming is a style of object-oriented programming in which behavior reuse (known as inheritance) is performed via a process of reusing existing objects that serve as prototypes. This model can also be known as prototypal , prototype-oriented, classless , or instance-based programming.

  8. Object-oriented programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming

    Simula introduced important concepts that are today an essential part of object-oriented programming, such as class and object, inheritance, and dynamic binding. [10] The object-oriented Simula programming language was used mainly by researchers involved with physical modelling , such as models to study and improve the movement of ships and ...

  9. Class (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)

    Structure consists of data and state, and behavior consists of code that specifies how methods are implemented. [8] There is a distinction between the definition of an interface and the implementation of that interface; however, this line is blurred in many programming languages because class declarations both define and implement an interface.