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Hawking radiation is black body radiation released outside a black hole's event horizon due to quantum effects according to a model developed by Stephen Hawking in 1974. [1] The radiation was not predicted by previous models which assumed that once electromagnetic radiation is inside the event horizon, it cannot escape.
In physics, black hole thermodynamics [1] is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons.As the study of the statistical mechanics of black-body radiation led to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the ...
In equations, Hawking showed that if one denotes the creation and annihilation operators at a frequency for a quantum field propagating in the black-hole background by and † then the expectation value of the product of these operators in the state formed by the collapse of a black hole would satisfy † = / where k is the Boltzmann constant ...
In 1974, Stephen Hawking predicted that black holes might not be the bottomless pits we imagine them to be. According to Hawking's calculations, some information might escape black holes in the ...
If black holes evaporate via Hawking radiation, a solar mass black hole will evaporate (beginning once the temperature of the cosmic microwave background drops below that of the black hole) over a period of 10 64 years. [149] A supermassive black hole with a mass of 10 11 M ☉ will evaporate in around 2×10 100 years. [150]
In 1974, Stephen Hawking made one of his most famous predictions: that black holes eventually evaporate entirely.According to Hawking's theory, black holes are not perfectly "black" but instead ...
Stephen Hawking never stopped trying to unravel the mysteries surrounding black holes -- in fact, he was still working to solve one of them shortly before his death. Now, his last research paper ...
The Penrose singularity theorem is a theorem in semi-Riemannian geometry and its general relativistic interpretation predicts a gravitational singularity in black hole formation. The Hawking singularity theorem is based on the Penrose theorem and it is interpreted as a gravitational singularity in the Big Bang situation.