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A 3D cell culture is an artificially created environment in which biological cells are permitted to grow or interact with their surroundings in all three dimensions. Unlike 2D environments (e.g. a Petri dish), a 3D cell culture allows cells in vitro to grow in all directions, similar to how they would in vivo. [1]
[20] [21] Microfluidic BBB in vitro models replicate a 3D environment for embedded cells (which provides precise control of cellular and extracellular environment), replicate shear stress, have more physiologically relevant morphology in comparison to 2D models, and provide easy incorporation of different cell types into the device. [22]
In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context. Colloquially called " test-tube experiments", these studies in biology and its subdisciplines are traditionally done in labware such as test tubes, flasks, Petri dishes , and microtiter ...
A myelinoid or myelin organoid is a three dimensional in vitro cultured model derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that represents various brain regions, the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system in early fetal human development.
Recent advances in cell repellent microtiter plates has allowed rapid, cost-effective screening of large small molecule drug like libraries against 3D models of pancreas cancer. These models are consistent in phenotype and expression profiles with those found in the lab of Dr. David Tuveson. Epithelial organoid [15] [80] Lung organoid [81]
Human brain organoid Organoid intelligence (OI) action plan and research trajectories. Organoid intelligence (OI) is an emerging field of study in computer science and biology that develops and studies biological wetware computing using 3D cultures of human brain cells (or brain organoids) and brain-machine interface technologies. [1]
Different models of 3D printing tissue and organs. Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the use of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, bio-inks, and biomaterials to fabricate functional structures that were traditionally used for tissue engineering applications but in recent times have seen increased interest in other applications such as biosensing, and ...
A cellular model is a mathematical model of aspects of a biological cell, for the purposes of in silico research. Developing such models has been a task of systems biology and mathematical biology .