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In the Fearon list, ethnic fractionalization is approximated by a measure of similarity between languages, varying from 1 = the population speaks two or more unrelated languages to 0 = the entire population speaks the same language. [3]
Fractionalization means the probability of two random people belonging to different groups, not the same group. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SurakV (talk • contribs) 18:46, 9 August 2016 (UTC) On page 205 of Fearon's article, the author highlights that he coded "only ethnic groups that make up over 1 percent of country population".
While some countries make classifications based on broad ancestry groups or characteristics such as skin color (e.g., the white ethnic category in the United States and some other countries), other countries use various ethnic, cultural, linguistic, or religious factors for classification. Ethnic groups may be subdivided into subgroups, which ...
James D. Fearon (born c. 1963) is the Theodore and Francis Geballe Professor of Political Science at Stanford University; he is known for his work on the theory of civil wars, international bargaining, war's inefficiency puzzle, audience costs, and ethnic constructivism.
Like Chandra, James Fearon and David Laitin acknowledge the necessity of descent as a basis for ethnic identity membership rules. [27] They nonetheless differ in one noteworthy respect: Fearon and Laitin's approach places a premium on "cultural attributes," a concept which entails traditions, historical memories and legacies, religious and spiritual beliefs, etc. [28] In regard to changing ...
Critics of earlier development theories, mentioned above, point out that "ethnicity" and ethnic conflict cannot be treated as exogenous variables. [35] There is a body of literature that discusses how economic growth and development, particularly in the context of a globalizing world characterized by free trade , appears to be leading to the ...
An ethnolinguistic group (or ethno-linguistic group) is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and language.Most ethnic groups share a first language. [1] [2] However, "ethnolinguistic" is often used to emphasise that language is a major basis for the ethnic group, especially in regard to its neighbours.
In 2017, Robert Phillipson and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas described Ethnologue as "the most comprehensive global source list for (mostly oral) languages". [45] According to the 2018 Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Ethnologue is a "comprehensive, frequently updated [database] on languages and language families'. [46]